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Issue 1/2009
Vol. 2, Issue 1 (2010)
Vol. 2, Issue 2 (2010)
Table of contents
Foreword
Sweden and the Jacobite movement
Aspects of the Eastern Question
Portrait of a necessary Ponto-Baltic alliance
Forging a Socialist Homeland from Multiple Worlds: North American Finns in Soviet Karelia
Leisure in Stalin's Estonia
From "allies without alliance" to concerted action
War, diplomacy and media: the British-Soviet Treaty of May 26, 1942 in Swedish press
Lithuanian public opinion and the EU membership
The Awarding of Doctor Honoris Causa to H.S. Dr. Vladimir Jarmolenko
Vol. 3, Issue 1 (2011)
Vol. 3, Issue 2 (2011)
Vol. 4, Issue 1 (2012)
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Program Gestiune

S

WEDEN AND THE JACOBITE MOVEMENT (1715-1718)

 

 

 

Costel Coroban

 

“Ovidius” University of Constanta, e-mail: coroban_costel@yahoo.com

 

 

Abstract:

During the second decade of the century of the Enlightenment, a short interesting episode occurred between the Kingdoms of Britain, Sweden and the Russian Empire. In the context of Swedens downfall as an imperial power, Charles XII, after the return from his stay in the Ottoman Empire, instructed his minister, Görtz, to surreptitiously journey to the Netherlands in search of finances. The purpose was to revitalize what was left of Swedens maritime power. The only ones interested in funding Charles XIIs fleet were the Jacobites. They were those English, Scots, Irish and Welsh who were still loyal to the dynasty of James II Stuart of England, exiled during the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689. James II having died in 1701, they now gathered around his son, Francis Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender). In 1715-1716, the Pretender attempted to invade Britain in order to prevent the succession of George I of Hanover, but failed. Through the Swedish envoys in London and Paris (Gyllenborg and Sparre, respectively), Görtz tried to obtain an agreement from the Jacobites that money would be secretly loaned to Charles XII in exchange for Sweden helping a new Jacobite invasion. British counterintelligence was well aware of these negotiations. Eventually the government of George I arrested Gyllenborg, furthermore publishing his documents. This was done in the hope of internationally isolating Sweden, as the British Hanoverian monarch feared a Russian-Swedish-Jacobite alliance. The topic cannot be fully understood without taking in consideration the position of the Russian Empire, so a section of the article is also dedicated to the role played by Russia in this affair.

 

            Rezumat:

Un episod interesant a avut loc în relatiile dintre Marea Britanie, Suedia si Imperiul Rus în timpul celei de-a doua decade a Secolului Luminilor. În contextul decaderii puterii Suediei, regele Carol XII, la întoarcerea sa din Imperiul Otoman, l-a instruit pe principalul sau ministru, Görtz, sa întreprinda o calatorie în Tarile de Jos pentru a obtine împrumuturi. Scopul era revitalizarea puterii maritime a Suediei prin construirea unei flote performante. Singurii care au putut însa promite o finantare au fost iacobitii. Acestia erau englezi, scotieni, irlandezi sau galezi înca loiali familiei lui Iacob II Stuart al Angliei, exilata în timpul Glorioasei Revolutii din 1688-1689.  Iacob II a încetat din viata în 1701, sperantele iacobitilor îndreptându-se acum catre fiul sau, Francis Edward Stuart (cunoscut drept Batrânul pretendent). În 1715-1716 Francis Stuart a esuat într-o încercare de înlaturare a noului rege al Marii Britanii, George I de Hanovra. În aceste conditii, Görtz a încercat ca prin emisarii suedezi la Londra si Paris (Gyllenborg, respectiv Sparre) sa negocieze în secret, aparent fara stirea lui Carol XII, un împrumut de la iacobiti în schimbul ajutorului Suediei într-o viitoare invazie a Angliei. Scrisorile le fusesera interceptate asa ca guvernul britanic aflase de aceste planuri. A urmat arestarea lui Gyllenborg si publicarea scrisorilor sale, provocându-se astfel o criza cu scopul de a izola international Suedia. George I al Marii Britanii si Hanovrei în special s-ar fi temut de încheierea unei paci între Suedia si Rusia. O sectiune a articolului trateaza si rolul jucat de Imperiul Rus în aceasta criza, deoarece subiectul de fata nu poate fi înteles fara o privire Nord-europeana de ansamblu.

 

Keywords: Charles XII, Sweden, Jacobites, Britain, George I, Görtz, Gyllenborg, Sparre, Peter the Great


04.Coroban.pdf

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Expozitia Capitalele culturale europene 2011: Tallinn si Turku, expozitie de fotografie, 9-27 mai 2012, Complexul National Muzeal "Curtea Domneasca" Targoviste

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Updated: May 16, 2012